FP&A Solutions Tailored for Every Industry

Metrics by industry

The FP&A metrics each industry tracks, and how they’re calculated.

Cube calculates every metric below from governed data in one model, refreshes it as actuals sync, and traces each figure to the transactions behind it.

Software & SaaS FP&A metrics

Learn more about Software & SaaS FP&A metrics →

ARR and MRR: Annualized and monthly recurring revenue from active subscriptions.
Net revenue retention (NRR): (Starting ARR + expansion − contraction − churn) ÷ starting ARR.
Gross revenue retention (GRR): Share of starting ARR kept, excluding expansion.
Logo and revenue churn: Customers or ARR lost in a period, as a percentage of the start.
CAC and CAC payback: Sales and marketing cost per new customer, and months of gross margin to earn it back.
LTV to CAC: Customer lifetime value divided by acquisition cost.
Burn multiple: Net burn ÷ net new ARR.
Rule of 40: Revenue growth rate plus EBITDA or free cash flow margin.
Cash runway: Months of cash left at the current net burn.
Deferred revenue and RPO: Billed but unrecognized revenue, and total contracted revenue still to be recognized.

Business services FP&A metrics

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Utilization rate: Billable hours ÷ available hours, by person, team, or practice.
Realization rate: Revenue collected ÷ standard value of hours worked.
Average bill rate: Billed revenue ÷ billable hours.
Project and engagement margin: (Project revenue − direct labor and costs) ÷ project revenue.
Revenue per FTE: Total revenue ÷ full-time equivalents.
Backlog: Contracted work not yet delivered or billed.
WIP and unbilled revenue: Work performed but not yet invoiced.
DSO: Days sales outstanding: how long receivables take to collect.
Bench cost: Cost of billable staff not assigned to client work.

Financial services FP&A metrics

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Assets under management (AUM): Market value of assets managed, and its growth from flows and performance.
Net interest margin (NIM): (Interest income − interest expense) ÷ average earning assets.
Fee revenue and fee rate: Fees earned, and fees as basis points of AUM.
Efficiency ratio: Noninterest expense ÷ revenue.
Cost to serve: Operating cost per client, account, or advisor.
Revenue per advisor: Revenue ÷ advisors or relationship managers.
Originations, run-off, and defaults: Loan volume in and out, and credit losses, modeled by scenario.
Capital and liquidity ratios: Regulatory capital and liquidity measures, forecast under stress scenarios.
Return on equity (ROE): Net income ÷ average shareholder equity.

Healthcare FP&A metrics

Learn more about healthcare FP&A metrics →

Payer mix: Share of revenue by payer: commercial, Medicare, Medicaid, self-pay.
Net patient revenue: Gross charges less contractual adjustments, denials, and bad debt.
Revenue and cost per visit: Revenue or operating cost ÷ patient visits or encounters.
Patient volume: Visits, admissions, procedures, and patient days, by facility or service line.
FTEs per adjusted occupied bed: Staffing intensity relative to patient volume.
Labor cost as % of revenue: Salaries, benefits, and contract labor ÷ net revenue.
Contract and travel labor spend: Agency and travel staff cost versus budget.
Days in accounts receivable: Average days to collect patient and payer receivables.
Operating margin by service line: Margin for each department, clinic, or program.
Days cash on hand: Cash ÷ daily operating expense.

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Manufacturing FP&A metrics

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Unit cost by SKU: Material, labor, and overhead cost per unit produced.
Gross margin by product: (Revenue − COGS) ÷ revenue, by SKU, line, or plant.
Bill of materials cost: Rolled-up input cost for each finished good.
Purchase price variance (PPV): Actual material cost versus standard cost.
Capacity utilization: Actual output ÷ maximum possible output.
Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE): Availability × performance × quality.
Scrap and yield rate: Share of production lost or passed first time.
Inventory turns and days: COGS ÷ average inventory, and days of inventory on hand.
Labor cost per unit: Direct labor ÷ units produced.

Multi-location FP&A metrics

Learn more about multi-location FP&A metrics →

Location-level P&L: Revenue, costs, and margin for every site, rolled up to the total.
Same-store sales growth: Revenue growth at locations open in both periods.
Revenue per location: Total revenue ÷ open locations.
Labor cost as % of sales: Wages and benefits ÷ revenue, by site.
Four-wall EBITDA: Site-level earnings before corporate overhead.
Prime cost: Cost of goods plus labor, as a share of sales.
New-site ramp: Months for a new location to reach target revenue and margin.
Payback per location: Months for a site’s earnings to recover its opening cost.
Overhead allocation: Corporate and regional costs allocated to each site.

Nonprofits FP&A metrics

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Program expense ratio: Program spending ÷ total expenses.
Fundraising efficiency: Fundraising cost per dollar raised.
Restricted and unrestricted net assets: Funds by donor restriction, and how much is available to spend.
Grant burn rate: Grant spending to date versus award and period elapsed.
Revenue by source: Grants, individual giving, events, and earned revenue.
Functional expenses: Costs split across program, management, and fundraising.
Cost per outcome: Program cost ÷ people served or outcomes delivered.
Months of operating reserve: Unrestricted reserves ÷ monthly operating expense.
Budget versus actual by fund: Spending against each grant and fund budget.

Real estate FP&A metrics

Learn more about real estate FP&A metrics →

Net operating income (NOI): Property revenue minus operating expenses, before debt service.
Occupancy and vacancy: Leased or occupied space as a share of total.
Rent per square foot or unit: Effective rent, after concessions.
Cap rate: NOI ÷ property value.
Debt service coverage ratio (DSCR): NOI ÷ annual debt service.
Funds from operations (FFO): Net income plus depreciation and amortization, less gains on property sales.
Capex and tenant improvements: Capital spending by property and project.
Lease expirations and rollover: Rent at risk from upcoming lease ends.
Operating expense per square foot: Opex ÷ rentable area, by property.

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Retail FP&A metrics

Learn more about retail FP&A metrics →

Comparable store sales: Sales growth at stores open in both periods.
Sales per square foot: Revenue ÷ selling space.
Gross margin and GMROI: Margin, and gross margin dollars ÷ average inventory cost.
Inventory turnover and sell-through: COGS ÷ average inventory, and units sold ÷ units received.
Open-to-buy: Planned purchases still available for a period.
Markdowns and shrink: Price reductions and inventory loss as a share of sales.
Average order value and conversion: Revenue per transaction, and share of visits that buy.
Labor as % of sales: Store labor cost ÷ revenue.
Channel contribution: Margin by store, ecommerce, wholesale, and marketplace.

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Common FP&A questions.

What is industry-specific FP&A software?

It is planning and analysis software that models the drivers a given industry runs on, such as ARR for software, NOI for real estate, or payer mix for healthcare. Cube does this on one governed platform, with templates and drivers set up for your industry.

Which industries does Cube support?

Cube supports software and SaaS, business services, financial services, healthcare, manufacturing, multi-location businesses, nonprofits, real estate, and retail, along with many other mid-market and enterprise companies.

What metrics do software & saas finance teams track?

Software & SaaS finance teams typically track ARR and MRR, Net revenue retention (NRR), Gross revenue retention (GRR), Logo and revenue churn, CAC and CAC payback, LTV to CAC, Burn multiple, Rule of 40, Cash runway, and Deferred revenue and RPO. Cube calculates each from governed data and traces it to the source. See the full list with definitions or FP&A for software & saas.

What metrics do business services finance teams track?

Business services finance teams typically track Utilization rate, Realization rate, Average bill rate, Project and engagement margin, Revenue per FTE, Backlog, WIP and unbilled revenue, DSO, and Bench cost. Cube calculates each from governed data and traces it to the source. See the full list with definitions or FP&A for business services.

What metrics do financial services finance teams track?

Financial services finance teams typically track Assets under management (AUM), Net interest margin (NIM), Fee revenue and fee rate, Efficiency ratio, Cost to serve, Revenue per advisor, Originations, run-off, and defaults, Capital and liquidity ratios, and Return on equity (ROE). Cube calculates each from governed data and traces it to the source. See the full list with definitions or FP&A for financial services.

What metrics do healthcare finance teams track?

Healthcare finance teams typically track Payer mix, Net patient revenue, Revenue and cost per visit, Patient volume, FTEs per adjusted occupied bed, Labor cost as % of revenue, Contract and travel labor spend, Days in accounts receivable, Operating margin by service line, and Days cash on hand. Cube calculates each from governed data and traces it to the source. See the full list with definitions or FP&A for healthcare.

What metrics do manufacturing finance teams track?

Manufacturing finance teams typically track Unit cost by SKU, Gross margin by product, Bill of materials cost, Purchase price variance (PPV), Capacity utilization, Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE), Scrap and yield rate, Inventory turns and days, and Labor cost per unit. Cube calculates each from governed data and traces it to the source. See the full list with definitions or FP&A for manufacturing.

What metrics do multi-location finance teams track?

Multi-location finance teams typically track Location-level P&L, Same-store sales growth, Revenue per location, Labor cost as % of sales, Four-wall EBITDA, Prime cost, New-site ramp, Payback per location, and Overhead allocation. Cube calculates each from governed data and traces it to the source. See the full list with definitions or FP&A for multi-location.

What metrics do nonprofits finance teams track?

Nonprofits finance teams typically track Program expense ratio, Fundraising efficiency, Restricted and unrestricted net assets, Grant burn rate, Revenue by source, Functional expenses, Cost per outcome, Months of operating reserve, and Budget versus actual by fund. Cube calculates each from governed data and traces it to the source. See the full list with definitions or FP&A for nonprofits.

What metrics do real estate finance teams track?

Real estate finance teams typically track Net operating income (NOI), Occupancy and vacancy, Rent per square foot or unit, Cap rate, Debt service coverage ratio (DSCR), Funds from operations (FFO), Capex and tenant improvements, Lease expirations and rollover, and Operating expense per square foot. Cube calculates each from governed data and traces it to the source. See the full list with definitions or FP&A for real estate.

What metrics do retail finance teams track?

Retail finance teams typically track Comparable store sales, Sales per square foot, Gross margin and GMROI, Inventory turnover and sell-through, Open-to-buy, Markdowns and shrink, Average order value and conversion, Labor as % of sales, and Channel contribution. Cube calculates each from governed data and traces it to the source. See the full list with definitions or FP&A for retail.

What is the difference between FP&A metrics and KPIs?

FP&A metrics are the measures finance calculates, plans, and forecasts, such as margin or retention. KPIs are the few metrics leadership chooses to steer the business by. In Cube, both come from the same governed model, so the board KPI and the analyst’s metric always agree.

How does Cube calculate industry metrics?

Cube syncs actuals from your ERP, CRM, HRIS, billing, and industry systems, applies the formulas and drivers finance defines once in the model, and recalculates as data lands. Every result opens to the transactions behind it.

What is the best FP&A software by industry?

The best FP&A software for an industry connects that industry’s source systems, models its drivers, and traces every metric to the transaction, while letting the team keep working in the tools it already uses. Cube does this across nine core industries as the Agentic FP&A Platform.

What should you look for in FP&A software for your industry?

Look for connections to your industry’s systems, driver-based models for the metrics you report, multi-entity and multi-currency support, role-based access, a full audit trail, and audited security such as SOC 1 and SOC 2. Check whether your team can work in Excel, Google Sheets, Slack, or Teams. Cube covers each of these.

Does Cube connect to industry-specific systems?

Yes. Cube connects to hundreds of source systems, including ERPs, CRMs, HRIS and payroll, billing, EMR and EHR, property management, and point-of-sale platforms, plus spreadsheets and flat files.

Can Cube handle multiple entities and locations?

Yes. Cube consolidates across entities, locations, and currencies, with intercompany eliminations and FX on rules finance approves, and lets each site or entity owner see only their own numbers.

Is Cube secure enough for regulated industries?

Yes. Cube is SOC 1 and SOC 2 Type 2 compliant, supports SSO, enforces role-based access at the cell level, and can securely handle protected health information.

Do we have to leave Excel or Google Sheets?

No. Teams keep working in Excel or Google Sheets, with governed numbers flowing in and edits publishing back to the model. Cube Web, PowerPoint, Slack, Teams, and BI tools read the same numbers.

How do Cube’s AI agents work across industries?

FP&Agents run on your governed model, so they use your industry’s drivers and chart of accounts. They prep data, explain variance, roll the forecast, and answer questions in Slack or Teams, with every answer traced to source.

What if my industry isn’t listed?

Cube is built for any mid-market or enterprise finance team. The platform, surfaces, and agents are the same; the model is set up around the drivers your business runs on.

Still have questions? Ask them on your own numbers.

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FP&A built for how your industry runs.

Cube serves every industry. Here are a few.

FP&A for Software & SaaS

FP&A for Business Services

FP&A for Financial Services

FP&A for Healthcare

FP&A for Manufacturing

FP&A for Multi-Location

FP&A for Nonprofits

FP&A for Real Estate

FP&A for Retail

The FP&A metrics each industry tracks, and how they’re calculated.

Software & SaaS FP&A metrics

Business services FP&A metrics

Financial services FP&A metrics

Healthcare FP&A metrics

Manufacturing FP&A metrics

Multi-location FP&A metrics

Nonprofits FP&A metrics

Real estate FP&A metrics

Retail FP&A metrics

See Cube in action on your own numbers.

Common FP&A questions.

What is industry-specific FP&A software?

Which industries does Cube support?

What metrics do software & saas finance teams track?

What metrics do business services finance teams track?

What metrics do financial services finance teams track?

What metrics do healthcare finance teams track?

What metrics do manufacturing finance teams track?

What metrics do multi-location finance teams track?

What metrics do nonprofits finance teams track?

What metrics do real estate finance teams track?

What metrics do retail finance teams track?

What is the difference between FP&A metrics and KPIs?

How does Cube calculate industry metrics?

What is the best FP&A software by industry?

What should you look for in FP&A software for your industry?

Does Cube connect to industry-specific systems?

Can Cube handle multiple entities and locations?

Is Cube secure enough for regulated industries?

Do we have to leave Excel or Google Sheets?

How do Cube’s AI agents work across industries?

What if my industry isn’t listed?